Most opioids undergo hepatic metabolism, via either phase I or phase II reactions. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology (9th ed). REFEERENCE: Newman MG, Takei HH, and Carranza FA. Periodontal abscesses also may occur in the absence of periodontitis. Abscesses of the periodontium (choice D) are acute lesions that may result in a very rapid destruction of the periodontal tissues. Aggressive periodontitis (choice B) is found in an otherwise clinically healthy patient, has rapid attachment loss and bone destruction, characterized by inconsistent amounts of microbial deposit compared to disease severity, and has a familial aggregation of diseased individuals. Chronic periodontitis (choice A) is the loss of connective tissue attachment to the tooth. Clinically, these conditions are often associated with stress or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Necrotizing periodontal disease presents as acute inflammation of the gingival and periodontal tissues characterized by necrosis of the marginal gingival tissue and interdental papillae. Periodontics: Medicine, Surgery and Implants. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 11th Edition. Additionally, tooth with moderate attachment loss and pocket depths may NOT exhibit mobility, so the diagnosis of periodontal disease cannot hinge upon the presence of mobility or not. Finally mobility of the teeth (E) may occur as a result of periodontal bone loss, or it may be a result of occlusal trauma without the presence of bone destruction. The vitality of the teeth only reveals the presence of a healthy or unhealthy root canal system (B). The presence of bleeding or pain on probing (A, D) only signifies the presence of inflammation of the gingival tissues. You can have pseudopockets that can cause deep pockets with no attachment loss. The depth of the pocket or sulcus is therefore paramount. In other words, there must be an indication of epithelial migration of the periodontium. The diagnosis of periodontal disease hinges upon the loss of attachment of the teeth. If the diastema were greater than 2mm, it would then be advisable to investigate further as to the cause (frenum, mesiodens, cyst) because it would likely NOT close with the eruption of the canines. Further investigation for the cause of a diastema <2mm (d) is generally not indicated since that dimension falls into the category of physiologic diastema and is likely to close with eruption of the canines. Closing the space with composite veneers (c) would also not be advisable because that could impact the eruption of the permanent canines and impede physiological space closure. It would not be advised to close the space with an appliance (a) because that would require the patient to undergo unnecessary treatment at a cost to the family that is also unnecessary at this stage. It would be prudent to wait for the canines to erupt, and then assess the patient’s situation. It is perfectly normal for an 11-year-old patient to experience some spacing in the maxillary anterior region, since the canines have not yet erupted. Ī small midline diastema is not always an indication for orthodontic intervention. Endodontics (choice C) is the branch of dentistry which is concerned with the morphology, physiology and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues Periodontics (choice E) Periodontics is that specialty of dentistry which encompasses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth or their substitutes and the maintenance of the health, function and esthetics of these structures and tissues. Prosthodontics (choice B) is the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes. Pediatric Dentistry (choice A) is an age-defined specialty that provides both primary and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health care needs. Although this is important, the actual delivery of dental care is only one aspect of dental public health.
A primary misconception about dental public health is that its primary objective is the delivery of dental care to low-income persons.
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